摘要: 有些句子直譯出來(lái)看似沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,但仔細(xì)進(jìn)行邏輯分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),譯文邏輯上出現(xiàn)脫節(jié)。
翻譯過(guò)程中,遇到原文問(wèn)題該怎么辦?
安徽譯博翻譯小編給您推薦一篇文章,希望能幫到您。
有些句子直譯出來(lái)看似沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,但仔細(xì)進(jìn)行邏輯分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),譯文邏輯上出現(xiàn)脫節(jié)。這是由于原文不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),導(dǎo)致關(guān)系密切的兩部分被其他句子隔開(kāi),這時(shí)需要對(duì)句子進(jìn)行局部調(diào)整。
例 1.
為鼓勵(lì)乙方組織更多學(xué)生來(lái)華學(xué)習(xí),甲方?jīng)Q定給乙方以如下優(yōu)惠政策:即每班每期不少于10人,每超5人,學(xué)費(fèi)可減免10%(食宿及生活費(fèi)不在此列)。為確保學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量,每班限報(bào)30人。(協(xié)議)
如果翻譯為:
In order to encourage Party B to bring more students to China, Party A offers the following favorable policy to Party B: each class may not have less than 10 students; for eveiy additional 5 persons, the tuition may be reduced by 10% (not including boarding and living expenses). In order to guarantee quality of study, each classs may not exceed 30 students.
就顯得語(yǔ)氣不連貫,因?yàn)樗^的優(yōu)惠政策是指學(xué)費(fèi)減免,“即每班每期不少于10人”并非優(yōu)惠政策,而是苛刻的條件,譯文中“favorable policy”距離所說(shuō)明的“ be reduced”太遠(yuǎn),所以,可以為:
As an incentive for Party B to bring more students to China, Party A offers to reduce the tuition (but not the boarding and living expenses) by 10% for every additional 5 persons above 10 in each class. Each class may not have less than 10 students and to ensure quality, may not exceed 30.
例2. [這是一篇文章的開(kāi)頭一段,后來(lái)節(jié)選刊登在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上(02/06/2003)]
【題目】中國(guó):加入WTO與改革的新階段
中國(guó)加入WTO,為什么會(huì)引起國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際相當(dāng)廣泛的影響?入世一周年,國(guó)際上各個(gè)方面的評(píng)價(jià)是正面的、積極的、肯定的。我想這個(gè)原因應(yīng)該概括為兩個(gè)方面:第一,中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的大囯,是有著龐大囯內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求且又保 持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)大囯;第二,中國(guó)又是一個(gè)從傳統(tǒng)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的大國(guó)。中國(guó)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌的大國(guó)能夠在不長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi),納入到世界市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主流,這本身就是一個(gè)奇跡。因此,中囯加入WTO,最深刻、最有實(shí)質(zhì)性或者最有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的,我把它叫做中國(guó)的第二次改革、第二次開(kāi)放。中國(guó)加入WTO,開(kāi)放進(jìn)入新階段,改革也進(jìn)入新階段。
原譯:
Why has China's accession into WTO aroused so much attention both at home and abroad? The comment in the international arena on China's accession into WTO has been positive. There are several reasons attributed to this: China is a large developing country with great potentials in the domestic market demand and sustainable economic growth;it is also a country in transformation from a planned economy lo a market economy. It is itself a miracle for China, as a large country in economic transition, to have joined WTO in such a short period of time. Therefore, the greatest significance of China's accession into WTO is that it brings about another period of reform and opening up in China.
改譯:
China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has aroused much attention both at home and abroad, evoking positive responses from the international community in the past year. This is because first, China is a large developing country with great market potentials and sustainable growth; and second, China has created an economic miracle through its successful economic transition and quick integration into the world economy, despite the size of the country. But to China, the greatest significance is that the accession brings about a new period of reform and opening-up.
原文邏輯關(guān)系不清,需要在翻譯時(shí)理順。比如,原文所說(shuō)的兩個(gè)理由,按照邏輯應(yīng)當(dāng)理解為是對(duì)“為什么會(huì)引起國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際相當(dāng)廣泛的影響”的回答,而不是對(duì)“人世一周年,國(guó)際上各個(gè)方面的評(píng)價(jià)是正面的、積極的、肯定的”的回答,盡管在形式上好像是對(duì)后者的回答。“入世一周年……”一句話(huà)的意思是“一年來(lái),中囯履行了入世承諾,得到了國(guó)際社會(huì)肯定,”把它夾在問(wèn)題和回答之間妨礙了邏輯的通楊。這時(shí),可以把這句話(huà)調(diào)到別的地方或省略不譯。但這個(gè)問(wèn)題以后沒(méi)有展開(kāi)討論,所以沒(méi)有其他地方可調(diào)。如果選擇省略,又怕超越了譯者權(quán)限(不是最后決策者)。最后采用折中的方法,在翻譯時(shí)把兩句合并,盡量弱化第二句的意思,把疑問(wèn)留給了譯文使用者。盡管譯文下一句中的This的指代還是比較模糊,但似乎沒(méi)有好的辦法。
再比如,文章給出的第二個(gè)原因,也不是到第一個(gè)句號(hào)為止。相反,第二個(gè)原因的重要信息包含在下一句中,即“中國(guó)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌的大國(guó)能夠在不長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi),納入到世界市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主流,這本身就是一個(gè)奇跡”(所以,中國(guó)人世舉世矚目)。故而有“改譯”的處理方法。
第三,如果上述分析成立,原文中的“因此”是不妥當(dāng)?shù),因(yàn)?ldquo;因此”前后并沒(méi)有明顯的因果關(guān)系,而是一種話(huà)題的轉(zhuǎn)變,表示閑 話(huà)不再多說(shuō),進(jìn)入正題了(別忘了文章的題目是《中國(guó):加入WTO 與改革的新階段》),所以,頂多翻譯為but,或者不譯。
實(shí)際上,“因此”之前的部分對(duì)于全文來(lái)說(shuō),并不起什么作用,因?yàn)槿牡闹黝}包含在“因此”之后的兩句話(huà):“中國(guó)加人WTO,最深刻、最有實(shí)質(zhì)性或者最有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)意義的,我把它叫做中國(guó)的第二 次改革、第二次開(kāi)放。中國(guó)加人WTO,開(kāi)放進(jìn)人新階段,改革也進(jìn)人新階段。”所以,把“因此”之前的部分去掉,并不影響文章的意思。
那么,如何解釋“因此”之前那部分內(nèi)容存在的意義呢?只能理解為屬于漢語(yǔ)作文“起承轉(zhuǎn)合”中的“起”其作用是引出話(huà)題而已,而英語(yǔ)卻沒(méi)有這種敘事方式,而是講求開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。如果我有權(quán),就直接把前半部分省掉了。
果然,最后在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》刊登出來(lái)的譯文是:
[Title] Cut gov't red tape to reform economy
China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has aroused much attention both at home and abroad.
What is of the greatest significance to China is that its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) brings about a new period of reform and opening-up.